The Strangers That Came to Town Essay - 878 Words

In his short story, â€Å"The Strangers That Came to Town,† Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. It shows that true freedom is about being accepted because of the way that the Duvitch family is placed in a community where they are not accepted at first but then do become accepted. Mr. Duvitch didn’t talk much to anyone because of lack of freedom to be who he was, Mrs. Duvitch didn’t have the freedom to also be who she was because people talked about her and the Duvitch children to were quiet ones who didn’t have freedom in the sense that they couldn’t just go out and play with the other kids. Mr. Duvitch gains freedom through the power of acceptance by those around him. At first Mr. Duvitch has trouble being†¦show more content†¦At first, people would talk about Mrs. Duvitch and say rude things about her. Mrs. Duvitch could never really feel accepted when people were constantly talking about her and making assumptions about her which is why she too never really had contact with anyone, â€Å"But this gave rise to the rumor that she was the victim of an obscure skin disease and that every morning she shook scales out of the bed sheet† (3). When someone gives you reassurance that what you’re doing is okay and become engaged and interested in what you’re saying that allows you to open up and feel accepted which is what happened with Mrs. Duvitch when Andy’s family went over for dinner, â€Å"Saying very little, he managed to make us feel a great deal and he constantly sought his wife’s eyes with glances of delight over the wonde r of what was happening† (14). Mrs. Duvitch is finally accepted into her community when others see that she has much more to offer them then they had thought. Her special nursing skills became very important to her community, â€Å"The community presently had reason to be grateful for Mrs. Duvitch’s presence. It turned out that she had a great gift for nursing, and no fear of death, no fear of disease, contagious or otherwise.† (16). Her acceptance into the community shows that this story is about freedom. The Duvitch children are very shy and quiet at first probably because they never really had the chance to be who they were with negative andShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Strangers That Came To Town967 Words   |  4 Pageshis short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. This short story shows the Duvitch family who don’t fit into a small town. The Duvitches receive lots of hate and harm from the small town with a friendly faà §ade. They don’t fit in because they are different, like mant minority groups. ~ The first proof of this is in the title: The Strangers That Came To Town, which refers to the Duvitch family as strangers instead of neighborsRead MoreThe Strangers That Came to Town Essay828 Words   |  4 PagesThe Strangers That Came to Town Essay The story â€Å"The Strangers That Came to Town† is primarily a story about freedom. In his short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. In the beginning of the story Mr. Duvitch and his family couldn’t walk around the town being judged or feeling uncomfortable. This was also a big problem for Mr. Duvitch’s children. They deal with bullying and not being welcomed as well. Although at theRead MoreThe Strangers That Came And Town By Ambrose Flack1074 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom is a birthright for all humans, we should always feel accepted to speak our minds and be who we are. In his short story, â€Å"The Strangers that Came to Town†, Ambrose Flack is showing that true freedom is about being accepted. He shows this through the characterization of Mrs. Duvitch, Mr. Duvitch and Andy. Mrs. Duvitch’s quiet and reserved nature made her the ideal victim of rumors. The less people knew about her the more room left for their imaginations. For example she is said toRead MoreA Uniting Theme Of The Strangers That Came To Town, A Dolls House And A Lesson Before Dying1884 Words   |  8 PagesSacrifice- A Uniting Theme Of The Strangers That Came To Town, A Doll s House and A Lesson Before Dying All of the books that we have read this summer have in common stories where characters are forced to make sacrifices. This is first seen in The Strangers That Came To Town by Ambrose Flack. The Duvitch family sacrifice everything to provide for their family. Andy and Tom endure harsh conditions while fishing to repay Mr. Duvitch for the fish they poisoned. In the play A Doll s House by HenrikRead MoreThe Appearance Of A Stranger1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Appearance of a Stranger in a Small Kansas Town The appearance of a stranger in a settled small Kansas town, while unsettling to some, can be a rewarding experience, as long as there is a mutual desire to communicate. The course readings accurately depicted and reflected the stranger from various perspectives. Consequently, in order for the small town to thrive, there is a necessity for the appearance of strangers. Out of town travelers contribute to the local economy that provides income forRead MoreEssay on Vanity In The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg by Mark Twain1213 Words   |  5 Pageshave on a person almost parallels that of Twain’s brilliant story of vanity, greed, revenge, and honesty, or should I say dishonesty. The story displays how much an entire town is willing to forsake in order to obtain that which has been known to destroy families, careers, lives, and in this case, the good name of an entire town – money. Yes money – that age-old evil that causes men to cheat, lie, steal, and even kill to consume its pseudo sense of security and power, is at the very root of the themeRead MoreThe Devil And Miss Prym By Paulo Coelho1408 Words   |  6 Pageswhere humans came from. These theories consist of origins that start with basic evolution, everything starting from one cell, and ranges to religions that tell stories of a greater being that watches over us. In all of these origins rises the concept of why good and evil exists. In the book The Devil and Miss Prym, Paulo Coelho uses a mysterious character, referenced as â€Å"the stranger†, who enters the town of Viscos to desperately answer if humans are initially good or evil. So the stranger sets up anRead MoreAnalyzing Twain ´s The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg and The Mysterious Stranger1137 Words   |  5 Pagesof his works such as The Man that Corrupted Hadleyburg, and The Mysterious Stranger. In both stories are set in small towns whos residents are oblivious to their own moral hypocrisy. The sudden appearance of a stranger spreading a sort of knowledge, initiates a chain of events the leads to certain residents to self-evaluate their own character and that of the whole human race. Its is through these Mysterious Strangers and the events they trigger that Twain is able to depict his unfiltered cynicalRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying Literary Analysis1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthemes and symbolism used in the stories Lesson before Dying, The fun they had, The strangers that came to town, and Dolls house through the median of three major unsuccessful relationship: racial tension between the African Americans and the caucasians in the novel Lesson before Dying, Doll’s House demonstrates a controlling relationship can be detrimental for both individuals and The Stranger That Came To Town along with The Fun They Had show that when an individual is suppressed by majority theyRead MoreTaking a Look at Albert Camus831 Words   |  3 Pagesyear later. While attending college he worked two jobs and played soccer as goal keeper. Camus joined the communist party to help promote Fascism, but later wanted to be kicked out but his reason are unknown. Unfortunately, his educational journey came to an end because of his illness, he developed tuberculosis. In the year of 1939, Camus attempted to enlist in the military after several attempts, he was rejected due to his history of tuberculosis. Camus and his wife Simone divorced in late 1936

Summary of Lorraine Hansberry´s A Raisin in the Sun

â€Å"A Dreamed Deferred† The drama â€Å"A Raisin in the sun† was release February 25, 2008; written by Lorraine Hansberry as a play and directed by Kenny Leon as a movie. The film main character are Walter Younger Jr (Sean Combs) anaa Lathan (Beneatha Younger), Audra Mcdonald (Ruth Younger), Phylicia Rashad (lena Younger), Justin Martin (Travis Younger) Bill Nunn (bobo), David Oyelowo (Josepj Asagai), Ron Jones (willy harris), Sean Patrick Thomas (George Murchison), and John Stamos (carl Linder). As a dreamer and goal persistent individuals as myself; Walter Younger Jr and his family find themselves struggling with their dreams to make them a reality. As a movie based in the 1950’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† shows the life of an average family that struggle with poverty, racism and more. Even while going through hardship, and struggle remembering to focus on your dreams to succeed success. The film â€Å"A Raisin in the sun† was based in the 1950s. A Chicago family longing for a better life. Lena Younger (Rashad) is about to receive a $10,000 check from her late-husbands insurance company. Everyone in the family dreams about the ways their lives will be changed with the arrival of the money, family matriarch Lena - who longs to retire from her job as a domestic servant for a wealthy white family - in particular. Having lived in a one room tenement apartment ever since she and her late husband originally married, Lena is eager to purchase a house of her own and provide her family with aShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And How They Were Portrayed By Lorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1194 Words   |  5 Pageswritten by Lorraine Hansberry A Raisin In the Sun because throughout the entire movie there was many things said and some actions that showed gender defined who they were. The topic being discussed is gender roles and how they were portrayed in the movie. There will be a formalistic summary and the topic that will be discussed is gender roles through out the drama A Raisin In the Sun and how each character portrayed it. The setting of A Raisin In the Sun is the Chicago slums in the 1950’s. The pointRead MoreThe American Dream By Lorraine Hansberry1570 Words   |  7 Pagesabout it their whole lives? Many families struggle to even get close to the American Dream. In Lorraine Hansberry’s â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun†, the Younger family struggled for money, despite having numerous jobs, and a descendant living space. Being African American in the 1950’s made it difficult for the family to move up in class to achieve the American Dream. In â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry, the Younger’s cannot fully achieve the American Dream due to societal obstacles they experienceRead MoreThe Pursuit of a Dream in A Raisin in the Sun, The Achievement of Desire and Fences1340 Words   |  6 Pagespursuit that goal is the one who will succeed. However, there are dreamers who have misconceptions about the art of dreaming. In three pieces of literature I have en countered: â€Å"The Achievement of Desire† by Richard Rodriguez, â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry and â€Å"Fences† by August Wilson, its characters fight for their dreams regardless obstacles in their life. Nevertheless, when many people aim on achieving their goals, they expose their sense of self-absorbance. Dreaming and aspirationRead MoreHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 Pagespaper topic: The training a meteorologist needs Evaluative paper topic: A contrast of the training a meteorologist needed in l940 to what he/she needs in 2000 Informational paper topic: Benjamin Franklin s political life Evaluative paper topic: The effect of Benjamin Franklin s writing style upon his career 3. Working Bibliography The first step in researching a topic is to compile a working bibliography of potential sources of information, both primary and secondary. The subject

Features and Role of Play in Young Children’s Life

Question: Discuss the features and role of play in young childrens life. Answer: Introduction Play in simple terms involves all the activities that develop the feeling of enjoyment, pleasure, entertainment or fun. Children like to play and it is often considered as work of children. Playing is the universal and early language of childhood, all the senses of children understands the language of play (Corsini, 2010). This study is a clear understanding of the basic features and importance of play in young childrens life. Features of play According to studies of Cheng and Johnson (2010), there are 12 best features of play that are identified by Tina Bruce. These features explain the value of play as well as promote quality play. Play involves the use of the first-hand experience that children usually perform at home or school. These first-hand experiences are daily activities like phones, kitchen etc. that are done by children are utilized in play. Further, play helps to determine once own role in play. Through social play, children learn social rules, moral reasoning, sharing, reciprocity and cooperation. With determining once own role while playing activity, children gain a sense of control and develop decision-making process Children learn to construct new things when they play that is named as constructive play, for example- making props, drawings, block play etc. that helps young children to develop the technical skills. Children also get an advantage of choices offered in play. The power to choose from different options of play helps children to develop confidence and enter to play mode. Play involves practising for the past, present and future where different types of play provide different opportunities to gain practice for reviewing the past, present and future situation (Broadhead et al. 2010). The play also persist feature to let children learn the unique quality of pretending through play. Children develop skills to pretend play that further helps them to distinguish between the real and fake world. For young children there is a certain play that involves alone act like acting, singing, dancing etc. helps to improve confidence, creativity and imagination (Corsini, 2010). In contrast, Howard (2010) stated that play like cricket, football etc. are cooperative play that helps to understand the importance of team spirit, friendship and co-operation While playing children learn to develop the skills of personal play agenda or plan. This helps them to realize the importance of personal agenda in life and work as an onlooker. The play also offers deep involvement process that concentration, seriousness and playfulness of young children. The play is the fastest trendsetter in the life of young children that keeps them up-to-date. For example- the most recent game available in the market helps children to learn the most recent skill. The playing is complete machinery that works on personal, social, emotional and physical issues of young children (Sheridan et al. 2010). Role of play in childrens well-being Playing or act of the play is a critical process that involves moving, learning, contributing, driving, reacting, creating and many more scenarios that are essential for overall development of young children (Corsini, 2010). As per biological evidence in young age, the body cells are under a high active mode of growth and development. Playing works as food for these cells by providing energy utilization process leading to enhanced growth. Therefore, playing is important of best brain and body growth of developing children (Howard, 2010). The play provided a critical involvement in the behavioural development of the child. It is commonly known that playing switch-on the three most important behavioural modes that are freely chosen, fundamentally motivated and personally directed. Through play the children get opportunities to develop creativity, freedom of spirit, learning, reacting and practicing processes. Playing also helps in the development of cognitive behavioural elements like learning, understanding, reacting and spirituality (Broadhead et al. 2010). The emotional maturity, communication senses, emotional expression as well as control over emotional expression are the developmental characteristics enhanced by activities of play. The young children develop verbal and non-verbal communication skills through playing. They also learn to express emotional like winning a game motivates the expression of happiness and losing a game unknowingly develops sorrow (Howard, 2010). It is been experimentally proven that childrens are usually over expressive while playing as compared with normal life circumstances. The act of play along with expression also helps to manage emotions, for example- children are instructed for not hitting anyone when they are angry while playing make them learn how to control the emotion of anger (Milteer et al. 2012). Playing involves a very important role in social competency development of young children. Through play, children get connected with outside world, people, animals and plants. These connections help to build relationships leading to overall social competency development. Playing works as an initial step to establish the social connections in the early age of life making individual a social element. Play provides a huge platform for establishing social connections and relationships to infant minds (Broadhead et al. 2010). Conclusion Some adults do not consider play as an important element of childrens life. However, the study provides a clear demonstration of the role of play in the overall development of the infant. Maths and Science can never achieve the developments, learnings and skills acquired by playing in childrens life. From the above study, it is clear that playing is the most important element for the overall development of young children. References Books Broadhead, P., Howard, J. and Wood, E. (2010).Play and learning in the early years: From research to practice. Sage. Corsini, R. J. (2010).Role playing in psychotherapy. Transaction Publishers. Sheridan, M., Howard, J. and Alderson, D., (2010).Play in early childhood: From birth to six years. Routledge. Journals Cheng, M.F. and Johnson, J.E., (2010). Research on childrens play: Analysis of developmental and early education journals from 2005 to 2007.Early Childhood Education Journal,37(4), pp.249-259. Howard, J., (2010). Making the most of play in the early years: The importance of childrens perceptions.Play and Learning in the Early Years, edited by Pat Broadhead, Justine Howard, and Elizabeth Wood, pp.145-60. Milteer, R.M., Ginsburg, K.R., Mulligan, D.A., Ameenuddin, N., Brown, A., Christakis, D.A., Cross, C., Falik, H.L., Hill, D.L., Hogan, M.J. and Levine, A.E., (2012). The importance of play in promoting healthy child development and maintaining strong parent-child bond: Focus on children in poverty.Pediatrics,129(1), pp.e204-e213.

Macbeth And Supernatural Essays (879 words) - Characters In Macbeth

Macbeth And Supernatural Macbeth's supernatural scenes explained In today's rational and scientifically explainable world, it would be hard for us to believe in supernatural intervention in our every day lives unlike during the times of the Shakespearean plays. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, there are three examples of this kind of thing: one with the witches, one with a ghost of a best friend, and one with the a few apparitions. In the first nonrational scene three old dirty hags (witches) are discussing where they should meet Macbeth to persuade him into thinking he should be the nest king. When Macbeth finally meets the three witches on the heath like they had planed, him and his best friend Banquo are there. The witches know form years of experience that people that are Thanes always want to be king some day no matter what it takes. With the witches knowing this, they make Macbeth think that he is to be king or made king by saying "All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!"(I, iii, 50) Therefor most of what the witches say they know because the have many years of experience and wisdom under their sleeves. Banquo, knowing what the witches had said, has to be dealt with by Macbeth. So Macbeth hires a hit man to take care of Banquo, and at Macbeth's dinner party all the seats are filled except for Banquo's. Macbeth, feeling guilty about his best friend, starts to hallucinate and thinks he is seeing Banquo's ghost in his seat. So Macbeth says to everyone "The table is full"(III,iv,46) and everyone thinks he is physco. Macbeth starts talking to the so called ghost that he thinks is sitting there saying "Thou canst say I did it."(III,iv,50) With Macbeth saying this it lets everyone know about the guilt that Macbeth feels and some of the other people know the crime he has committed as well. In the last witch scene Macbeth wants to see some things or people that he should beware of in the future. So the witches give Macbeth the descriptive physique of three apparitions: one of a solider in battle, one of a king that is a kid, and one of a bleeding child. While the witches call the apparitions out Macbeth sees them, and again it could be a figment of his imagination or it could be because it is at night and he can't see very well. So maybe there are some things in the Elizabethan era that then could not be explained and they were considered supernatural. But now as we look back into that era we can most likely find a rational explanation for most of the things called "supernatural" in that day, like the witches, Banquo's ghost and the apparitions. In today's society most things are scientifically explainable. In today's rational and scientifically explainable world, it would be hard for us to believe in supernatural intervention in our every day lives unlike during the times of the Shakespearean plays. In Shakespeare's Macbeth, there are three examples of this kind of thing: one with the witches, one with a ghost of a best friend, and one with the a few apparitions. In the first nonrational scene three old dirty hags (witches) are discussing where they should meet Macbeth to persuade him into thinking he should be the nest king. When Macbeth finally meets the three witches on the heath like they had planed, him and his best friend Banquo are there. The witches know form years of experience that people that are Thanes always want to be king some day no matter what it takes. With the witches knowing this, they make Macbeth think that he is to be king or made king by saying "All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king hereafter!"(I, iii, 50) Therefor most of what the witches say they know because the have many years of experience and wisdom under their sleeves. Banquo, knowing what the witches had said, has to be dealt with by Macbeth. So Macbeth hires a hit man to take care of Banquo, and at Macbeth's dinner party all the seats are filled except for Banquo's. Macbeth, feeling guilty about his best friend, starts to hallucinate and thinks he is seeing Banquo's ghost in his seat. So Macbeth says to everyone "The table is full"(III,iv,46) and everyone thinks he is physco. Macbeth starts talking to the so called ghost that he thinks is sitting there saying "Thou canst say I did it."(III,iv,50) With Macbeth saying this it lets everyone know about

37990) of May 2009 The WritePass Journal

The Intel infringement case (Comp/c-3/37990) of May 2009 Introduction The Intel infringement case (Comp/c-3/37990) of May 2009 IntroductionReferencesRelated Introduction Within the context of this given case, we aim to examine the background of the Intel infringement case reference Comp/c-3/37990 Intel of 13 May 2009, Intel are held responsible for infringing Article 83 of the EC Treaty where it has been found guilty of abusing its dominant market position on the x86 central processing unit (CPU) market by awarding rebates. We shall consider the basis on which the Decision Commission has made this decision to fine Intel and what evidence contributes towards this investigation. In addition to this, we will also be examining whether the decision taken was justified and if it had any kind of positive outcome on the consumers. If we consider the guidanc on the Commission enforcement priorities in implementing Article 82 on the EC Treaty to abusive exlusionary conduct by dominant undertaking. According to the Article 82 of Treaty that clearly outlines the EC Article 82 forbids any kind of abuse of a dominant position in the market. This goes hand in hand with the case-law where it is considered illegal for an undertaking to be in a dominant position and that such a dominant position is entitled to compete purely on basis of their hard work and merits. However, it should be noted that the undertaking concerned as a special responsibility forbidding its behaviour to diminish authentic deformed competition on the common market. It should be noted that Article 82 is considered as the legal fundamental for a critical element of competition policy and its effective enforcement that helps market operate more efficiently and effectively for the advantage of businesses and its consumers. It (Article 82) outlines the enforcement priorities that will guide the Commissions action in implementing Article 82 to exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings. In addition to that, it attempts to offer a greater deal of accuracy and speculation in relation to the general framework of evaluation that the Commission recruits in determining whether it should pursue cases that relate to the various kinds of exclusionary conduct and to help undertakings better assess whether specific behaviour is likely to result in intervention by the Commission under Article 82. According to the application of Article 82 to exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings, the Commission will emphasise on the kinds of behaviour that are most hazardous to consumers. It can be noted that even though it is the customer who is most likely to take advantage from the stiff competition, as it results in lower prices, good quality and a diverse choice of new enhanced services and goods. It is the duty of the Commission to instruct the enforcement to make sure the market operates in the precise manner, also making sure consumers take advantage from the efficiency and productivity that results from effective competition between under-takings. If consumers are excessively charged a high price or influencing their behaviour that under-estimates the efforts to accomplish a combined internal market that is considered to be liable of infringing Article 82. In regards to implementing the general enforcement fundamentals and rules set out in the Commission, it will take into account the specific facts and circumstances for every individual case. [Ref 1] Let us consider the background of the Intel case, Intel has a reputation for specialising in manufacturing microprocessors (CPUs) and chipsets for user personal computers. This is registered proprietor of well known brand names, such as: Pentium and Celeron. The Intel case is a perfect example of how cruelly and sensibly a corporation can take an advantage of its leading dominant position in the market. This case clearly outlines the inherent differences between the monopoly compared by intellectual property rights and the Treaty competition rules that forbids any form of abuse of dominant position. Intel has cleverly registered numerous thousands patents to safeguard its creative inventions and it is impossible in a pragmatic sense for its rivals to know in advance whether or not their products may read on Intels patents. Interestingly, Intel was found guilty of infringing its dominant position in relation to VIA, which is considered as one of Intels direct rivals in both the chipsets and CPU markets. As VIA was in need of the various components due to the interoperability, also due to the critical requirement for compatibility with Microsoft operations software. In order to make this operate, VIA required a licence from Intel that would allow them to use its patents in the design and manufacture of its chipsets which would let them communicate with Intels microprocessors. In addition to this, VIA also was in need of a licence in relation to its supply of CPUs so that they are completely Windows compaitable. It should be noted from the year 1998 to the year 2000, both the parties had a reciprocal chipset licencing agreement. By December 2000, Intel launched its latest Pentium 4 processor in the market, simultaneously that VIA would require a licence. A new licence was therefore by Intel on non-reciprocal conditions. Furthermore, such a proposed agreement envisaged an asymmetrical licenced that would entitle Intel to unlimited use of all the VIA patents and technology but VIA would only be able to acquire a licence to use Intels technology to manufacture and sell only specific chipsets. In addition to this, it even proposed a market division which would limit the VIA licence to the manufacture of chipsets for use with Pentium 4 processors, however it could not be used in conjunction with any enhanced versions of that same processor. According to VIA, Intel was infringin (September 2001) Article 82 of the EC Treaty and Chapter II of the Competition Act 1998 and it is not entitled to relief in circumstances where this would compel VIA to enter into a licence agreement consisting of illegal terms and conditions. In regards to the CPU Action, VIA outlined the two key competition law defences,   these consist of Intels refusal to licence its Pentium 4 technology which is considered as a violation and abuse of its dominant position in the CPU market. Secondly, Intels refusal to licence its prospective rights was abusive primarily because these rights related to technology that was the industry standard and which was significant in order for its rivals to have access to the CPU market. The refusal would eliminate competition from VIA and protect VIA from marketing valuable new products ( the essential facilities defence). It cannot be denied that the case is indeed very complex in its structure and nature , it consisted of a thorough and comprehensive investigation that was taken by the Commission. Whether Intel was accountable for abusing its dominance in the market by imposing a licencing policy for exploiting and enforcing its large portfolio of patent rights is evident from the various names that were included in this long list of names who complained of Intels abuse of power. It can be observed that within the Intel case, there are obvious signs of conditional rebates where they were bestowed to consumers, rewarding them for a specific kind of purchasing behaviour. Furthermore, such rebates within a dominant undertaking can have an actual or prospective pledge effects that are similar to exclusive purchasing contract. Intel was adamant to refuse granting of a licence on any kind of reasonable conditions, this clearly demonstrates its abuse of its dominantnposition in the CPU and chipset markets. Due to the patents being the industry standard it was impossible for chipset manufacturers to enter the market unless they were able to make use of Intels gateway technology. Interestingly when multi-product rebates take place, it is purely considered as anti-competitive, this is what exactly Intel did, it tried to do so on a tying market if it is a huge market that equally efficiently provides some of the key components however they cannot compete against the discounted bundle. Why is the CPU so much of an importance in the Intel case? This is primarly because the CPU is considered as an essential component of a computer, in regards to the actual performance and cost of the system. Furthermore, the manufacturing process of the CPU requires high technology and expensive facilities. The CPU is segmented into two sub-categories: CPUs of the x86 architecture and CPUs of a non-x86 architecture. The x86 architecture is a standard designed by Intel for its CPU. It can operate on both operating systems (Windows and Linux). According to the Commissions comprehensive investigation in the x86 CPUs, the relevant product market was not under the market of x86 CPUs. It can be noted that the 10 year period that has been considered and included by the Decision Commission   (1997-2007), Intel was seen to be continuously in a leading position, in terms of its market shares which were excessive by 70%. In addition to this, there were important obstacles to entry and development present in the x86 CPU market. Intel is a powerful and reputable brand, it saw a rise in its brand reputation due to product differentiation that contributed as an obstacle or hindrence to entry. The recognised high level of obstacles to entry and development are constant with the observed market structure, where all the leading rivals to Intel, apart from AMD left the market or they lacked some kind of importance. Furthermore, it can be observed that from October 2002 to December 2007,   according to the Decision, Intels market shares and obstacles to entry and development, Intel held a dominant position in the market. In terms of the condition rebates offered by Intel, it awarded major OEMs rebates that were conditioned on these OEM purchasing all or most of their supply requirements; this entails numerous brand who were offered these rebates. Dell was offered rebates for three years   December 2002- December 2005) that conditioned Dells purchasing exclusively Intel CPUs. With regards to the payments and rebates Intel offerd a major OEMs and MSH which are seen with context of the growing fierce compeition threat that AMD portrayed. With this regard, the Decisions demonstrated that OEMs, IT managers and Intel considered that AMD products had numerous positive innovative factors and they were considered a viable option to those of Intel. In essence, it can be agreed that the conditions of the case-law for detecting prospective abuse were evidently found, the Decision also conducted an economic analysis of the capability of the rebates to foreclose a rival that would be efficient as Intel, albeit not dominant. According to the found evidece collated by the Commission, it led to the conclusion that Intels conditional rebates and payment induced sincerity of key OEMs and of a major retailer, the effects of which were complementary in that they most importantly diminished rivals ability to compete on the merits of their x86 CPUs. Furthermore it can be added that Intels anti-competition conduct thereby resulted in a decrease of consumer choice and in lower incentives to innovate. Intel believed it did not wrong, it clearly defended the rebates and it stated in the two different kinds of arguments, that it wanted to introduce a rebate that would allow them to respond to price competition from its rivals and therefore it met stiff competition. Secondly, by using the rebate, it adopted a vis-a-vis every individual OEM was considered as significant, in order to accomplish significant efficiencies that were pertinent to the CPU industry. Intel carried on debating there were four different kinds of efficiencies that were accomplished by any exclusivity requirements of its rebates and production efficiencies and risk sharing and marketing efficiencies. According to the findings by the Commission, Intels debates relating to goal justification are flawed as they relate more generally to behaviour to which the Commission did not report (i.e.discounting of rebates) and not to conduct to which the Commission did object ( conditions relationg to rebates) and non of the efficiency defences offered an appropriate justification/ valid explanation for the behaviour questioned. It can be concluded that as a whole that the conditional rebats granted by Intel to Dell, HP, MSH and NEC collectively point at the abuse of a dominant position under Article 82 of the Treaty and Article 54 of the agreement. In addition to this, the individual abuses are also considered as part of a single strategy focused at foreclosing AMD.   Therefore the individual abuses form a part of a single infringement of Article 82 of the EC Treaty. In addition the Decision states that Intel practices were implemented collectively at two tiers of the distribution chain or cycle that can be viewed in the context of the rapidly growing competitive threat that are portrayed by AMD. Intel wanted to destroy the ability of AMD to compete at the same scale which would then result in making AMD weaker and be unable to match the same merits and standards as that of Intel, therefore, deliberately preventing them from selecting non-Intel based compueters on the merits. (i.e. quality and price of CPUs). The Decision determines that Intel has certainly infringed Article 82 of the Treaty and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement by getting involved in a single and consistent infringement of Article 82 of the Treaty and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement from October 2002- December 2002 by imposing a strategy targeted at foreclosing its rivals from the x86 CPU market. Intel was issued with a legal notice refraining it from any act or engaging in any activity that has the same or similar effect of this kind. It can   be concluded that the decision taken by the Decision Commission is certainly justified and even though consumers may have benefited from the decision, it was much more important for Intel to realise its mistake in abusing its dominant position in the market. References Communication from the Commission - Guidance on the Commissions enforcement priorities in applying Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive exclusionary conduct by dominant undertakings (Text with EEA relevance. Retrieved 8th April, 2011. From:http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52009XC0224(01):EN:NOT Howard, A (2003). Intel v VIA. Retrieved 9th April, 2011. From:monckton.com/docs/library/Intel%20v%20VIA%20Casenote.pdf Summary of Commission Decision of 13 May 2009 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty and Article 54 of the EEA Agreement (Case COMP/C-3/37990 – Intel). Retrieved 9th April, 2011. From:http://ec.europa.eu/competition/sectors/ICT/intel_summary_decision_en.pdf

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer Essay

PESTLE analysis for John Lewis and Marks and Spencer - Essay Example higher level of political scrutiny over food retail outlets because it is the second largest employer in the UK; with public health assuming a more important focus, there has been a tighter regulation of food stores for this Company. Transition from the traditional supply chain management system to a system of vendor managed inventory, which in conjunction with a tailor made forecasting package, has produced gains for Marks and Spencer and made it one of the most profitable and efficient retailers. (Storey et al, 2003). The Company rarely needs to sell its products at discounts because the supply side is well managed. The percentage of revenues accruing from international sales has increased to 7.1% of group turnover.(2007 Annual report), however maintaining this is a challenge in the face of increased competition in the European Common Market, the development of the common currency – the Euro and changes in VAT Marks and Spencer started off primarily as a clothes retailer; however it has now expanded into food and home products to compete effectively in the global market. British retail competitors of Marks and Spencer are also large corporate chains, which may have their headquarters outside the country, hence outsourcing activities and knowledge management becomes a key element affecting operating as well as long term profitability. Marks and Spencer staff have mostly been recruited young and continued within the organization for many years; as a result, there are some set procedures and routines in operating which have become integral to the staff and has produced resistance among employees to changes within the organization.(Mellahi et al, 2002) Existing markets for Marks and Spencer have expanded beyond UK and has produced a change from the traditional focus of London as the major retail center to a more diffused network of customers and stores across the globe. Companies are required to improve corporate governance in accordance with the Turnbull

Distributors Dell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Distributors Dell - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that, due to this illicit practice which violated the contract Dell had signed with these distributors the company had to file lawsuits against their own distributors. Another mistake Dell made was that it did not foster long term relationships with distributors in order to create partnerships. There was a sense of distrust between the distributors and Dell because the distributors believed that Dell at any time would stop using their services and introduce a direct sales model in China. A third mistake the company made was that it did not invest any resources in to enhance functionality of their supply chain function with its distributors. The company could have gotten more involved in the operation of its distributors by providing managerial and technical assistance. If the company would have established a mutual relationship based on respect and high ethical standards the distributors would have seen Dell as a business allied instead of just another com pany with a product to sell. When a company creates close relationship with suppliers and distributors it enables a business to obtain concessions and favors the firm would otherwise not receive. A fourth mistake the company made was delegating market strategy to its distributors. The communication between Dell and its distributors was weak. Due to this fact the distributors moved the merchandise utilizing their own criteria without taking into consideration any strategic input from Dell. The problem with the direct model in China was that the company was entering a market in which the people had different expectations than the US market. First of all a computer purchase to a Chinese person means a lot more than to a customer in the US or Europe because a worker would have to save money for nearly two years before they could make such a purchase.